1:bal, 2:tel, 3:kil, 4:fol, 5:lul, 6:mäl, 7:vel, 8:jöl, 9:zül, 10:deg.


11:degbal, 12:degtel, 13:degkil, ..., 20:teldeg,


21:teldegbal, 22:teldegtel, 23:teldegkil, ..., 30:kildeg,


40:foldeg, 50:luldeg, 60:mäldeg, 70:veldeg, 80:jöldeg, 90:züldeg,


100:tum, 1000:mil, 10^6:balion


1950 = mil zültum luldeg,


7,142,857 = velbalion baltum foldeg telmil jöltum luldeg vel





Binos [ düpalaf / foldil / minuts / sekuns [ bü / pos ] ] [ / düp -id ] [ göda / poszedelo ]


It is [ half / quarter / minutes / seconds [to/before / past/after ] ] [ / o'clock ] [ a.m. / p.m.]





ob / obs = I / we
q my

ol / ols = you (1 person) / you (more than 1 person)
ty vy

om / oms = he / they (all males)
on oni (muxciny)

of / ofs = she / they (all females)
ona oni (xenwiny)

on / ons = it / they (neuter or mixed gender)
ono oni

ok / oks = he/she/it-self, themselves (reflexive pronoun)
refleksivnoe mestoimenie




ob, obi, obik/oba, obe = I, me, my, to me;
q menq moj mne

obs, obis, obsik/obas, obes = we, us, our, to us;
my nam naw

om, omi, omik/oma, ome = he, him, his, to him;


ok, oki, okik/oka, oke (reflexive)
sebq svoj sebe

oms, omis, omsik/omas, omes = they, them, their, to them;


of, ofi, ofik/ofa, ofe = she, her, her, to her;


ofs, ofis, ofsik/ofas, ofes = they, them, their, to them


oks, okis, oksik/okas, okes (reflexive)





binön = to be, binob = I am, binobs = we are, binol = you are, binols = you all are, binom = he is, binoms = they are (masculine), binof = she is, binofs = they are (feminine), binon = it is, binons = they are (neuter/mixed gender), binoy = one is





-s = plural


-ik = adjective (accords with not immediately preceding noun)


-o = adverb


-ön = infinitive





inflected verb + -öd = imperative, command


inflected verb + -ös = optative, suggestion





-il = small


-an = member of a profession, society, country, philosophy or other discipline.





-i = accusative


-a = possessive


-e = dative


o _! = vocative





p(a)- passive voice





hi- = male


ji- = female


-ül = affectionate and endearing quality, the young of





el = used with words which have not been assimilated into Volapük.
These include proper names and foreign words,
which always appear in the singular.
Any plurals are shown by the fact that el adds an -s to denote this.





a- = present (optional prefix)


e- = immediate past, present perfect


ä- = past


i- = past perfect


o- = future


u- = past of future (I shall have eaten)





le- = large size


le- -ül = grand-


-ö = interjection


-ä = conjunction


-ü = preposition


-o = adverb





-li? = question





-dil = -fraction





-os = neutral form of adj./pronoun, neutral verb ending ?


-id = numeric suffix, used in lesson titles but never defined ?





ab = but
no

ad = in order to
ctoby

adelo = today
segodnq

ädelo = yesterday
vcera

adyö! = bye!
poka!

ag! = ooh!
o!

ai = always
vsegda

anik = several
neskolko

anu = right now
sejcas

as = ? (cf. asä = as also, as well as)


as sam = for example


asä = as also, as well as


asoaro = this evening


at = this
etot

bakaston = a brick
kirpic

balan = one (person)
odin celovek

balan = one member ?


bäldik = old
stary

bäldikün = eldest
starwi

bäldot = age (= number of years)
vozrast

balido = firstly
vo-pervyh

banacem = a bathroom
vannaq

begö! = (if you) please


beigolön = to go past


bel = a mountain


benö! = fine!


benolabik = wealthy


bespikön = to talk about [priparoli] ?
obsuditj

bevü = between, amongst
mexdu

bevünetik = ?


bi = because
potomu cto

bilob = ?


bim = a tree
derevo

binädön (me) = to consist (of)
sostoqtj (iz)

binön = to be
bytj

binü = (made) of
(sdelanny) iz

bisä = provided that


blinön = to bring
приносить

blod = brother
брат

böd = a bird
птица

boso = somewhat


bü = ago, before (of time)


büä = before


bukiselidöp = a bookshop


bumot = a building


bür = an office


büsidan = a businessman


cal = a profession


cedön = to think (= opine)


cedü ob = In my opinion ? (cf. cedön = to think, opine) according to what I think ?


cem = room (but meaning clear from "slipacem", "fidacem", etc.) ?


cifik = chief, main


cil = a child


cim = a chimney


cödöp = a court (of law)


da = through, throughout


dabinön = to exist


dalabön = to own, to possess


danö! = thanks!


das = that (conjunction)


dat = so that


dätü = dated (having the date) (?)


de = of/from


deadön = to die


degtelid = twelfth


del = a day


demön = to demonstrate


demü = on account of


demü = on account of, with regard to


dese = from out of


desinobs = ?


desir = desire (?)


det = right-hand


detü = on the right of


dilekan = a director, a manager


dilekanef = management


din = a thing (a matter)


dis = under


disnufaspadäd = a loft (space)


do = though


dö = about, in


dog = a dog


dokan = a doctor


dom = a house


domio = (to) home


domü = at the house of


dönu = again ?


dönulogö! = au revoir!


dot = a doubt


dramat = drama


dredöfik = shy, timid


drogan = a chemist


du = while


dü = ? [maybe should be "dü = during]


dunön = (to do ?)


düp = an hour


Düp kinid binos-li? = What time is it? [Which (order) hour is (neut.)?]


düpalaf = half-an-hour


dustodik = industrial


e, ed = and


ekö = here is/are,


ekö! = look!


emäniotob = ?


enitedälob = ? (cf. nitedik = interesting)


enu = recently


fa = by


fagotü = far from


famül = a family


fat = a father


fenät = a window


fi! = nonsense!


fiam = a firm


fidacem = a dining room


fino = at last


flekön (oki) = to turn, to bear


flen = a friend


flenöfik = friendly, kind


flor = a flower


florüp = Spring


fluk = fruit


fluküp = Autumn


flumed = a river


fo = before, in front of (= place)


foldeg = forty


foldil = a quarter


fredön = to be happy, to be glad


fredükön = to make happy/glad


fümo = for sure


fumö! = of course!


futaglöpäd = football (game)


gad = a garden


gadacif = a supervisor (gardening)


gadav = horticulture


garad = a garage


gased = a magazine


geidian = a guide (brochure)


gem (hi/ji) = a sibling


gespikön = to reply


getön = (to get ?)


gianagretik = enormous, gigantic


glid = a greeting


glidön = to greet


glofön = to grow


go = absolutely


gok = a fowl


golön = to go


gönü = in favour of


gretik = big, large


gretikün = biggest (?)


güä = on the other hand


gudik = good


gudiko = well


gudikum (ka) = better (than)


gudükumön = ? cf. gudik = good


ha! = aha!


härbat = a vegetable


he! = hey!


hit = heat


hitüp = Summer


horit = (the) horizon


i = also


if = if


in = in (place)


ini = into


is = here


it = (one)self


jäfob = ?


jenöfo = in fact


jevod = a horse


jinön = to appear, to seem


jonidön (as) = to serve (as)


jönik = beautiful, lovely


jü = up to


jüesa = up to and including


juitön = to enjoy


jul = a school


julan = a pupil (at school)


jünu = up to now


jünu = up to now


ka = than


kanön = to be able to (= can)


kapar = a goat


kat = a cat


kedet = a line (in a letter)


kel = which, who


keproan = a fan, a supporter


kif ?/kim? = who? (masc. and fem.)


kikodo? = why?


kiöpo = where


kipedöp = a store


kipladio? = where to? whither?


kipön = to keep


kis? = what?


kisi = what


klavan = a typist


kleiliko = clearly, plainly


klu = so


klülön = to be clear


klünacem = a cloakroom


ko = with


kö = where (subjunction) ?


kobo (ko) = together (with)


kod = a reason


kodä = by reason of which


kodü at (already have "kodü atos") ?


kodü atos = because of this ?


kodü = because of


kolkömön = to meet


köst (hi/ji) = a cousin


kotenükön = to satisfy, make happy


kredön = to believe


kun = a cow


kvisinöp = a kitchen


lä = at, with


läbik = lucky, happy


labom bäldoti yelas mödikum ka kildegas = he 's in his thirties.


labön = to have


labü = comprising, having


läd = a lady


ladöfiko = sincerely


lädül = a young lady (Miss)


lädül = a young lady


laidareman = a regular buyer us


län = a country, a land


länädio = (into) the country (side)


lärnön = to learn


lätikün = latest


lavöp = a laundry


lebonedön = to subscribe to


ledino = mainly, principally


lefatül = a grandpa


legad = a (public) park


legad = a park


legivot = a gift, a present


legudik = excellent


lelogöfik = really worth seeing


lemotül = a grandma


len = at, by, on


libü = free from ?


liedö! = dear me!


liegikan = a rich person


lif = life ?


lifayels = years of age


lio? = how? ?


liomödotik = how many


literat = literature


livüpajäf = a hobby


lödön = to live, reside


löfäb = a loved one


löfilob = löf-il-ob = I love a little, I like ?


löfön = to love


logön = to see


lölik = whole


lom = a hearth, a home


lomio = homewards


löpik = upper, upstairs


lotan = a guest


lü = to (= direction)


lükömön (lü) to arrive at, to get to


lunedikum (ka) = slimmer (than)


lunik = long


lut = air


ma = according to


mälat = half-a-dozen


man = man


matan (hi/ji) = a married person


mated = a marriage


matemat = maths


matikön = to get married


matirajanan (hi/ji) = a fiance(e)


me = by means of


medinav = medicine (=science)


medü = ?


mekavik = artificial, man-made


mel = sea (I learned this one elsewhere) ?


memön = to remember


mens = people (in general)


miotik = dirty


mödadilo = mainly, mostly


mödik = a lot of, many


mödikna = many times


mödikna = many times


mödo = a great deal, a lot


mon = cash, money


mot = a mother


motafat = a (maternal) grandpa


mu = extremely


musig = music


mutön = to compel (= must)


neai = never


nedet = left-hand


neflifed = antiquarian


neläbo = unfortunately


nem = a name


nemön = to name


nemü = in the name of


nen = without


ni ... ni = neither...nor


nif = snow


nifüp = Winter


nilik = near (cf. nilo = near, nearby; nilü = near to)


nilo = near, nearby


nilü = near to


nilü = near to


ninükön = to enclose


nited = interest ? cf. nitedik = interesting


nitedälön (dö) = to be interested (in)


nitedik = interesting


nitedikün = most-interesting (?)


niver= a university


no-li? = isn't it?


no latikolöd = don't be late!


no nog = not yet


nö! = oh no!


noe ... abi = not only ... but also


nog bal = one more, another


notedil = a small advertisement


nuf = a roof


nufalucem = an attic


nuik = ? cf. nutimik = contemporary


nulädik = modern


nulik = new


numön = to count


nutimik = contemporary


ö! = wow!


obik = my


obsik = our


od = each other


odelo = tomorrow


ofik = her


omik = his


pal (hi/ji) = a parent


pasä = only when


patik = special


pened = a letter


penedamäk = a postage stamp


penön = to write


plagik = practical


plagikum = (?)


plak = ?


plidön = to like


plidön = to like


plimön = to compliment


plöp = prosperity


plöpön = to prosper


po = behind (= place)


poedav = poetry


pöfikan = a poor person


pon = a bridge


pöpajul = a primary school


pos = after (=time)


poscil = grandchild [pos- = grand-] ?


poso = afterwards


pospenäd = a postscript


pötet = a potato


potöp = a post office


primön = to begin, to start


pro = for


profäsoran = a lecturer


prüdö! = take care! look out!


pük = a language


pükav = linguistics


pükistudan = a language student


pul (hi/ji) = a youngster, a youth


redik = red


reidön = to read


reig = mastery


rein = rain


retik = remaining


röletan (hi/ji) = a relation, a relative


rop = interruption


sagön = to say


saidik = enough, sufficient


saidiko = sufficiently, enough


sälun = a lounge


se = out of


sedön = to send


seil = quietness, silence


seilö! = shut up!


seimik = any


seivön ?=>? sevön = to know


sekretan = a secretary


sekü atos = therefore, following this ?


selibik = single, unmarried


selidöpan = a (shop) assistant


sevabo = namely, that is


sevön = to know


si! = oh yes!


sio = ?


slipacem = a bedroom


smalik = small


so äs ... = so as ...


sö! = I say!


soarajul = an evening school


sököl = following


sol = the sun


sör = a sister


spadäd = space? (cf. "disnufaspadäd" = a loft (space)) ?


Spanyän = Spain


sparag = asparagus


spelabo = hopefully


spelön = to hope


spidö! = get a move on!


spidön = to hurry


spikot = a conversation


spodan = a correspondent


spodön (ko) = to correspond (with)


spot = a sport


stadon = stands?


stajonao = from the station


staudöp = a restaurant


steifülön = to attempt, to try


step = a pace, a step


stopö! = halt!


stral = a ray


studön = to study


sufälik = patient


sülö! = good heavens!


sulüdik = southern ?


sunädo = at once, immediately


suno = soon?


süperiko = superbly


süt = a street


suvo = often


takädön = to relax


täno = then (= after which)


tävön = to travel


te = only


tead = floor, storey


tedabüsid = (general) business


tefik = corresponding (to), relating (to)


tefü = about, regarding


tefü = about, regarding


ter (hi/ji) = an uncle/an aunt


tiädü = entitled


tidön = to teach


tikön = to think


timül = a moment


tö = at, on


töbo = barely, scarcely


top = place (cf. topön = to be situated) ?


topäd = a region


topön = to be situated


tor = a bull


travärön = to cross


tü = at, on (= time)


tuvifiko = too fast


tuvön = to find


tvalet = a lavatory, a toilet


u = or


üf = even if


ün = at, in (time)


ünü = within (a time)


us = there


vakenön = to be on holiday/vacation


valasotik = all (kinds)


(in) valem = (in) general


valemapük = a universal language


valik = all


vedön = to become


vemo = very / very much


ven = ?


veratik = real, true


vero = really, truly


veütik = important


vidik = broad, wide


vifik = fast, quick


vilöfo = willingly


vilön = to want to


visitön = to visit


viudan = widow(er) ?


vo-li? = is that so?


vo = ?


vobön = to work


voböp = a workplace


vöd = a word


vög = a voice


vol = (the) world


vom = a woman


vomül = a young woman


votik = another, other


xam = an examination


ya = already ?


yad = a yard


yan = a door


ye = however


yel = a year


yö! = hurrah!


yufan = helper ? (we don't know "yuf" yet)


yufü = with the help of


yunan = a youth


yunik = young


zedö! = make way!


zesüdik = necessary


zian (jiter) = aunt


zif = a town


zilik = enthusiastic


zilo = enthusiastically, hard


ziom (hiter) = uncle


zu = moreover


zu = in addition


zuo = moreover